The Camera
1. In 500 BCE, there was a way to take pictures, but a "dark room," "camera obscure" in Latin, was needed. To get light into the room, there had to be a tiny hole to let the light in and let it-the light-focus like a camera lens. The light would be focused to one side of one of the walls.
2. Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton made a glass lens, helping the process of making the camera.
3. Joseph Nicephore Niepce made a film for cameras, which made the "first successful photograph" to be taken.
4. The cameras were already portable; but now it had a glass lens, dark box, was portable and it had film. All of that is like the cameras we have today, except ours are less bulky and are smaller. There are different kinds of cameras now, some that take polaroid pictures (ones that come out immediately but take awhile to actually show) and some that take the pictures digitally. There are also specific cameras for taking videos.
5. Most cameras now have digital film which allows the pictures to be taken digitally, kind of self explanatory. They also have a CCD, an electronic sensor, that captures the images once the button is pressed.
Camera Modes
1. Most camera have two modes, manual and program. Manual needs to have a shooting mode chosen in order for the picture to be taken. Program, or Auto, all you need to do is just press the button and BAM-you have your picture. With program you can control some of the settings, like flash.
2. Portrait is a setting in which the lens changes to a faster one to blur out the background and foes on a specific object. It brings more attention to that object rather than whats around it.
3. Sports mode "freezes" any motion, it can create a small blur when something is moving and is not the focus, depending on what the picture is being taken of. Small things, like water droplets, are visible enough to see the shape of them.
Half Press
1. When something isn't focussed, or focussed the way you want it, press the button half way and not fully to focus the picture/object. Sometimes auto focus doesn't get what you want the picture to look like, that's when you can half press and re-focus.
Controlling Flash
1. The symbol with a zigzagged arrow pointing down in a circle means "Flash," when there's a line crossing it, that means the flash is off. You should use this when there's not enough light in a room or where you're taking a picture. It will flash a light when you take a picture so it is lightened up and so the person viewing the picture can see what it is, and so the picture isn't all black.
2. The zigzagged arrow with the word "Auto" next to it means that the camera will determine if flash is needed to take a picture or not.
Introduction to Exposure
1. If there is too much lighten your picture, it can be "washed out," meaning that everything kind of blends together. If there is a lighter color, and there is too much light, those colors will be overly bright and make the details in the picture go away; leaving it to look like a big mess.
2. When there is not enough light in a picture, it will be too dark. Self-explanitory, and when something is too dark its hard to see-like a dark room. (See what I did there? Hah..)
The Universal Stop
1. For photography, there is a term called "stop," and it is used to "represent a relative change." But only in the brightness of the light.
2. The planet would be 1 stop brighter if there were two Suns instead of one. (It would also be very very hot and we wouldn't be here.)
3. If there were 4 Suns instead of two, the planet would be 2 stops brighter. (Plus the planet would probably not exist, either that or be very very very burned.)
Shutters and Aperture
1. Longer shutter speeds allow more light into the picture. There's also a fun little activity you can do. Grab a friend (who can use a camera with longer shutter speeds) and a cash light. Go into a dark room, have your friend start taking the picture and you turn on the flash light and move it around. Once the picture is done being taken, you'll see where you moved the flashlight BUT only the light will show. The shutter will also be needed to be open for a bit longer. (You will too but there will probably so much light, if you moved it around like a crazy person, that you couldn't really see yourself.)
2. Shorter shutter speeds have less light in the picture.
3. Aperture controls how much light is let in. Its like the "dark room" hole in the wall thing. If you close it, less light will be let in. If you open it, more light will be let in.
4. To increase the amount of light, open the aperture more.
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